How Employers Can Legally Hire Minors

As summer vacation approaches, California employers hiring minors must navigate specific legal requirements. Under Education Code Section 49110, et seq., a valid work permit is required. Both minors and employers complete a “Statement of Intent,” and the minor’s school issues a “Permit to Employ and Work.” Emancipated minors may apply independently but remain subject to child labor laws.

Work hours vary by age. Under California Labor Code Section 1391, 14–15-year-olds may work limited hours during school weeks; 16–17-year-olds may work more. Certain hazardous jobs—like operating heavy machinery or working with toxic substances—are off-limits.

Employers should review these rules carefully to stay compliant and provide a safe work environment for youth employees.